סוטה דף מט

שמבזבזין דין אביהם לעתיד לבוא. אומרים לפניו: רבונו של עולם, מאחר שאתה עתיד ליפרע מהן, למה הקהיתה שיניהם בם?

who plunder, i.e., destroy, their fathers’ future judgment. When God sits in judgment of their parents, these children say before Him: Master of the Universe, because You were destined to exact punishment from our fathers in the World-to-Come for their wickedness, why did You blunt their teeth with the death of their children in their lifetimes? In this way, the death of their children atones for the fathers.

אמר רבי אילעא בר יברכיה: אלמלא תפלתו של דוד, היו כל ישראל מוכרי רבב, שנאמר: ״שיתה ה׳ מורה להם״. ואמר רבי אילעא בר יברכיה: אלמלא תפלתו של חבקוק,

§ Rabbi Ile’a bar Yeverekhya says: If it were not for the prayer of David for Israel to have sustenance, all Israel would be sellers of fat [revav], i.e., involved in debased occupations, as it is stated: “Place for them mastery, O Lord” (Psalms 9:21), that is, may God grant them dignity. And Rabbi Ile’a bar Yeverekhya also says: If it were not for the prayer of Habakkuk, two Torah scholars would have to cover themselves with a single cloak due to poverty and engage in Torah study dressed that way, as it is stated: “Lord, I heard Your report and was afraid; O Lord, revive Your work in the midst of the years” (Habakkuk 3:2). Do not read: “In the midst [bekerev] of the years [shanim],” but in the closeness [bikrov] of two [shenayim]. In other words, Habakkuk prayed that God would nullify His decree of two Torah scholars having to share a single cloak.

היו שני תלמידי חכמים מתכסים בטלית אחת ועוסקין בתורה, שנאמר: ״ה׳ שמעתי שמעך יראתי ה׳ פעלך בקרב שנים חייהו״. אל תקרא ״בקרב שנים״, אלא ״בקרוב שנים״.

ואמר רבי אילעא בר יברכיה: שני תלמידי חכמים המהלכין בדרך ואין ביניהן דברי תורה — ראוין לישרף באש, שנאמר: ״ויהי המה הלכים הלוך ודבר והנה רכב אש וגו׳״,

And Rabbi Ile’a bar Yeverekhya says: In the case of two Torah scholars who are walking along the way and there are no words of Torah between them, but they are conversing about other matters, they are deserving of being burned in fire. As it is stated with regard to Elijah and his disciple Elisha: “And it was as they walked along, talking, that behold, there appeared a chariot of fire and horses of fire, which parted them both asunder” (II Kings 2:11). The reason they were not burned by the chariot of fire is that there was speech exchanged between them, which presumably was words of Torah, but if there had been no speech, they would have been deserving of being burned by the chariot.

טעמא דאיכא דיבור, הא ליכא דיבור — ראוין לישרף.

ואמר רבי אילעא בר יברכיה: שני תלמידי חכמים הדרין בעיר אחת ואין נוחין זה לזה בהלכה — אחד מת ואחד גולה, שנאמר:

And Rabbi Ile’a bar Yeverekhya says: If there are two Torah scholars who reside in the same city and they are not pleasant to each other with regard to halakha, but are constantly fighting, one of them will die and the other one will be exiled. As it is stated: “That the manslayer might flee there, who slays his neighbor without knowledge” (Deuteronomy 4:42), and “knowledge” means nothing other than Torah, as it is stated: “My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge” (Hosea 4:6).

״לנס שמה רוצח אשר ירצח את רעהו בבלי דעת״, ואין דעת אלא תורה, שנאמר: ״נדמו עמי מבלי הדעת״.

אמר רבי יהודה בריה דרבי חייא: כל תלמיד חכם העוסק בתורה מתוך הדחק — תפלתו נשמעת, שנאמר: ״כי עם בציון ישב בירושלם בכו לא

Rabbi Yehuda, son of Rabbi Ḥiyya, says: With regard to any Torah scholar who engages in Torah study while experiencing the pressure of poverty, his prayer is listened to, as it is stated: “For, O people that dwells in Zion at Jerusalem, you shall weep no more; He will surely be gracious to you at the voice of your cry. When He shall hear, He will answer you” (Isaiah 30:19), and after it is written: “And the Lord shall give you sparse bread and scant water” (Isaiah 30:20). This verse indicates that those who sit and study Torah, that is, the people who dwell in Zion, and eat bread sparingly, will have their prayers answered by God.

תבכה חנון יחנך לקול זעקך כשמעתו ענך״, וכתיב בתריה: ״ונתן ה׳ לכם לחם צר ומים לחץ״.

רבי אבהו אומר: משביעין אותו מזיו שכינה, שנאמר: ״והיו עיניך ראות את מוריך״. רבי אחא בר חנינא אמר: אף אין הפרגוד ננעל בפניו, שנאמר: ״ולא יכנף עוד מוריך״.

Rabbi Abbahu says: A Torah scholar who engages in Torah study despite economic pressures is satiated with the glory of the Divine Presence, as it is stated in the same verse, above: “And your eyes shall behold your Teacher.” Rabbi Aḥa, son of Ḥanina, said: Even the concealing partition [pargod] before the Divine Presence is not locked before him, as it is stated: “And your Teacher shall not hide Himself anymore” (Isaiah 30:20).

רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר משום רבי יהושע: מיום שחרב בית המקדש אין וכו׳. אמר רבא: בכל יום ויום מרובה קללתו משל חבירו, שנאמר:

§ The mishna states that Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua: From the day that the Temple was destroyed, there is no day that does not include some form of curse. Rava says: Each and every day is more cursed than the previous one, as it is stated in the chapter detailing the curses in the book of Deuteronomy: “In the morning you will say, would that it were evening, and in the evening you will say, would that it were morning” (Deuteronomy 28:67). It is unclear which morning the verse means. If we say that in the evening he will wish it would be the following morning, does he know what will be the outcome of the next morning, which would cause him to yearn for its arrival? Rather, it must mean the morning that has passed; that is, in the evening they will pine for the previous morning, because their situation is continuously worsening.

״בבקר תאמר מי יתן ערב ובערב תאמר מי יתן בקר״, הי בקר? אילימא בקר דלמחר, מי ידע מאי הוי? אלא דחליף.

ואלא, עלמא אמאי קא מקיים? אקדושה דסידרא, וא״יהא שמיה רבא״ דאגדתא, שנאמר: ״ארץ עיפתה כמו אפל צלמות ולא סדרים״, הא יש סדרים — תופיע מאופל.

The Gemara poses a question: But if everything is deteriorating, why does the world continue to exist? The Gemara answers: By the sanctification that is said in the order of prayers, after the passage that begins: And a redeemer shall come to Israel, which includes the recitation and translation of the sanctification said by the angels, and by the response: Let His great name be blessed, etc., which is recited after the study of aggada. As it is stated: “A land of thick darkness, as darkness itself; a land of the shadow of death, without any order” (Job 10:22). Therefore, it can be inferred from this verse that if there are orders of prayer and study, the land shall appear from amidst the darkness.

ולא ירד טל לברכה וניטל טעם פירות וכו׳. תניא, רבי שמעון בן אלעזר אומר: טהרה — בטלה טעם וריח, מעשר — ביטל שומן דגן.

§ The mishna taught that since the destruction of the Temple, dew has not descended for a blessing, and the taste has been removed from fruit. It is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: The lost purity has removed the taste and the aroma; the tithes that were not separated have removed the fat of grain.

רב הונא אשכח תומרתא דחינוניתא, שקלה, כרכה בסודריה. אתא רבה בריה, אמר ליה: מורחינא ריחא דחינוניתא. אמר ליה: בני, טהרה יש בך. יהבה ניהליה.

The Gemara relates that Rav Huna found a fragrant date. He took it and wrapped it in his shawl. Rabba, his son, came and said to him: I smell the aroma of a fragrant date. Rav Huna said to him: My son, there is clearly purity in you, as you were able to notice the fragrance. He gave it to him. Meanwhile, Abba, Rabba’s son, arrived. Rabba took the date and gave it to him. Rav Huna said to Rabba: My son, you have made my heart rejoice with your purity, and you have blunted my teeth, by showing your preference for your own son. The Gemara comments: This explains the folk saying that people say: The love of a father is for the sons; the love of the sons is for their own sons, more than for their father.

אדהכי אתא אבא בריה, שקלה, יהבה ניהליה. אמר ליה: בני, שמחת את לבי, והקהיתה את שיני. היינו דאמרי אינשי: רחמי דאבא — אבני,

רחמי דבני — אבני דהוו ליה.

רב אחא בר יעקב איטפל ביה ברב יעקב בר ברתיה. כי גדל אמר ליה: אשקיין מיא. אמר לו: לאו בריך אנא. והיינו דאמרי אינשי: רבי רבי,

The Gemara relates another incident: Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov took care of Rav Ya’akov, the son of his daughter, who was an orphan. When the grandchild grew up, his grandfather once said to him: Give me water to drink. He said to him: I am not your son, and I am not obligated in your honor as a son must honor his father. The Gemara again comments: And this explains the folk saying that people say: Raise, raise your grandchild, but in the end he will retort: I am the son of your daughter, and I do not have to take care of you.

בר ברתך אנא.

מתני׳ בפולמוס של אספסיינוס גזרו על עטרות חתנים ועל האירוס.

MISHNA: In the war [pulemus] of Vespasian the Sages decreed upon the crowns of bridegrooms, i.e., that bridegrooms may no longer wear crowns, and upon the drums, meaning they also banned the playing of drums.

בפולמוס של טיטוס גזרו על עטרות כלות, ושלא ילמד אדם את בנו יוונית.

In the war of Titus they also decreed upon the crowns of brides, and they decreed that a person should not teach his son Greek.

בפולמוס האחרון גזרו שלא תצא הכלה באפריון בתוך העיר, ורבותינו התירו שתצא הכלה באפריון בתוך העיר.

In the last war, meaning the bar Kokheva revolt, they decreed that a bride may not go out in a palanquin inside the city, but our Sages permitted a bride to go out in a palanquin inside the city, as this helps the bride maintain her modesty.

משמת רבי מאיר בטלו מושלי משלים. משמת בן עזאי בטלו השקדנים. משמת בן זומא בטלו הדרשנים. משמת רבי עקיבא בטל כבוד התורה.

The mishna lists more things that ceased: From the time when Rabbi Meir died, those who relate parables ceased; from the time when ben Azzai died, the diligent ceased; from the time when ben Zoma died, the exegetists ceased; from the time when Rabbi Akiva died, the honor of the Torah ceased; from the time when Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa died, the men of wondrous action ceased; from the time when Rabbi Yosei the Small died, the pious were no more. And why was he called the Small? Because he was the smallest of the pious, meaning he was one of the least important of the pious men.

משמת רבי חנינא בן דוסא בטלו אנשי מעשה. משמת רבי יוסי קטנתא פסקו חסידים. ולמה נקרא שמו ״קטנתא״ — שהיה קטנתא של חסידים.

משמת רבן יוחנן בן זכאי בטל זיו החכמה. משמת רבן גמליאל הזקן בטל כבוד התורה, ומתה טהרה ופרישות. משמת רבי ישמעאל בן פאבי בטלה זיו הכהונה.

From the time when Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai died, the glory of wisdom ceased; from the time when Rabban Gamliel the Elder died, the honor of the Torah ceased, and purity and asceticism died. From the time when Rabbi Yishmael ben Pavi died, the glory of the priesthood ceased; from the time when Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi died, humility and fear of sin ceased.

משמת רבי בטל[ה] ענוה ויראת חטא.

[גמ׳] תנו רבנן: רבי פנחס בן יאיר אומר: משחרב בית המקדש בושו חברים ובני חורין, וחפו ראשם, ונדלדלו אנשי מעשה, וגברו בעלי זרוע ובעלי לשון,

GEMARA: The Sages taught: Rabbi Pineḥas ben Ya’ir says: From the time when the Second Temple was destroyed, the ḥaverim and free men of noble lineage were ashamed, and their heads were covered in shame, and men of action dwindled, and violent and smooth-talking men gained the upper hand, and none seek, and none ask, and none inquire of the fear of Heaven.

ואין דורש ואין מבקש ואין שואל,

על מי לנו להשען על אבינו שבשמים.

Upon whom is there for us to rely? Only upon our Father in Heaven.

רבי אליעזר הגדול אומר: מיום שחרב בית המקדש שרו חכימיא למהוי כספריא, וספריא כחזניא, וחזניא כעמא דארעא, ועמא דארעא

Rabbi Eliezer the Great says: From the day the Second Temple was destroyed, the generations have deteriorated: Scholars have begun to become like scribes that teach children, and scribes have become like beadles, and beadles have become like ignoramuses, and ignoramuses

אזלא (ודלדלה) [ונוולה], ואין שואל ואין מבקש. על מי יש להשען — על אבינו שבשמים.

are increasingly diminished, and none ask and none seek. Upon whom is there to rely? Only upon our Father in Heaven.

בעקבות משיחא חוצפא יסגא ויוקר יאמיר. הגפן תתן פריה והיין ביוקר, ומלכות תהפך למינות ואין תוכחת. בית וועד יהיה לזנות והגליל יחרב, והגבלן ישום,

He also said: In the times of the approach of the Messiah, impudence will increase and high costs will pile up. Although the vine shall bring forth its fruit, wine will nevertheless be expensive. And the monarchy shall turn to heresy, and there will be no one to give reproof about this. The meeting place of the Sages will become a place of promiscuity, and the Galilee shall be destroyed, and the Gavlan will be desolate, and the men of the border shall go round from city to city to seek charity, but they will find no mercy.

ואנשי הגבול יסובבו מעיר לעיר ולא יחוננו,

וחכמות סופרים תסרח, ויראי חטא ימאסו, והאמת תהא נעדרת. נערים פני זקנים ילבינו, זקנים יעמדו מפני קטנים — בן מנוול אב, בת קמה באמה, כלה בחמותה,

And the wisdom of scribes will putrefy, and people who fear sin will be held in disgust, and the truth will be absent. The youth will shame the face of elders, elders will stand before minors. Normal family relations will be ruined: A son will disgrace a father; a daughter will rise up against her mother, a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. A man’s enemies will be the members of his household. The face of the generation will be like the face of a dog; a son will no longer be ashamed before his father. And upon what is there for us to rely? Only upon our Father in heaven.

אויבי איש אנשי ביתו, פני הדור כפני הכלב, הבן אינו מתבייש מאביו, ועל מה יש לנו להשען — על אבינו שבשמים.

(גמ׳) אמר רב: לא שנו אלא של מלח וגפרית, אבל של הדס ושל וורד — מותר. ושמואל אומר: אף של הדס ושל וורד אסור,

§ Rav says concerning the decree banning the wearing of crowns that they taught this halakha only with regard to crowns of salt and sulfur, but those of myrtle and rose are permitted. And Shmuel says that even crowns of myrtle and rose are prohibited, but those made of reeds and bulrush are permitted. And Levi says: Even crowns of reeds and bulrush are prohibited. And likewise Levi teaches in his baraita: Even those of reeds and bulrush are prohibited.

של קנים ושל חילת — מותר. ולוי אמר: אף של קנים ושל חילת אסור. וכן תני לוי במתניתיה: אף של קנים ושל חילת אסור.

ועל האירוס. מאי ״אירוס״? אמר רבי אלעזר: טבלא דחד פומא. רבה בר רב הונא עבד ליה לבריה טנבורא, אתא אבוה תבריה, אמר ליה: מיחלף בטבלא דחד פומא,

The mishna taught that the Sages decreed against the wearing of crowns for bridegrooms and upon the drums. The Gemara poses a question: What is this drum [irus]? Rabbi Elazar says: A drum with one mouth. The Gemara relates a story involving this instrument: Rabba bar Rav Huna made a tambourine for his son. His father, Rav Huna, came and broke it. He said to him: This instrument will be confused for a drum with one mouth, and people will assume that a drum with one mouth is permitted. Instead, go and make for him a small drum on the mouth of an earthen jug [ḥatzava], or on the mouth of a container used for measuring a kefiza, a small measurement, which did not pose the concern of being confused with a drum with one mouth.

זיל עביד ליה אפומא דחצבא או אפומא דקפיזא.

בפולמוס של טיטוס גזרו על עטרות כלות וכו׳. מאי ״עטרות כלות״? אמר רבה בר בר חנה אמר רבי יוחנן: עיר של זהב. תניא נמי הכי:

They further taught that in the war of Titus the Sages decreed upon the crowns of brides. The Gemara clarifies: What are the crowns of brides? Rabba bar bar Ḥana says that Rabbi Yoḥanan says: A city of gold, a gold crown engraved with the design of a city, worn by women as an ornament. This is also taught in a baraita: Which are the crowns of brides that were forbidden? The crown of a bride is a city of gold. However, one may make it as a cap of fine wool [meilat].

איזהו עטרות כלות — עיר של זהב, אבל עושה אותה כיפה של מילת.

תנא: אף על חופת חתנים גזרו. מאי ״חופת חתנים״? זהורית המוזהבות. תניא נמי הכי: אלו הן חופת חתנים — זהורית המוזהבות,

The Sage taught: The Sages even decreed upon the canopy of grooms. The Gemara asks: What is the type of canopy of grooms that was prohibited, as they certainly did not ban the marriage canopy. The Gemara answers: It means the golden crimson [zehorit] clothes, dyed red and crimson and decorated with gold, which they would hang on a marriage canopy. This is also taught in a baraita: These are the canopy of grooms the Sages banned: The golden crimson clothes. But he may make a papyrus [papirit] construction and hang upon it whatever he wants, even ornaments made of gold.

אבל עושה פפירית ותולה בה כל מה שירצה.

ושלא ילמד את בנו יוונית. תנו רבנן: כשצרו מלכי בית חשמונאי זה על זה, היה הורקנוס מבחוץ, ואריסטובלוס מבפנים. בכל יום ויום היו משלשלין דינרים בקופה,

§ The mishna taught that during the war of Titus the Sages decreed that a person should not teach his son Greek. The Sages taught that this decree came about as a result of the following incident: When the kings of the Hasmonean monarchy besieged each other in their civil war, Hyrcanus was outside of Jerusalem, besieging it, and Aristoblus was inside. On each and every day they would lower dinars in a box from inside the city, and those on the outside would send up animals for them to bring the daily offerings in the Temple.

ומעלין להן תמידים.

היה שם זקן אחד שהיה מכיר בחכמת יוונית, לעז להם בחכמת יוונית, אמר להן: כל זמן שעוסקים בעבודה — אין נמסרין בידכם.

A certain Elder was there, in Jerusalem, who was familiar with Greek wisdom. He communicated to those on the outside by means of Greek wisdom, using words understood only by those proficient in Greek wisdom. He said to them: As long as they are engaged in the Temple service, they will not be delivered into your hands. Upon hearing this, on the following day, when they lowered dinars in a box, they sent up a pig to them. Once the pig reached halfway up the wall, it inserted its hooves into the wall and Eretz Yisrael shuddered four hundred parasangs.

למחר שלשלו להם דינרים בקופה והעלו להם חזיר. כיון שהגיע לחצי חומה, נעץ צפרניו, נזדעזעה ארץ ישראל ארבע מאות פרסה.

אותה שעה אמרו: ארור אדם שיגדל חזירים, וארור אדם שילמד לבנו חכמת יוונית. ועל אותה שנה שנינו: מעשה ובא עומר מגגות צריפים, ושתי הלחם מבקעת עין סוכר.

When the Sages saw this, they said at that time: Cursed is the person who raises pigs, and cursed is the person who teaches his son Greek wisdom. And with regard to that year of civil war, in which the land was destroyed, we learned (Menaḥot 64b): An incident occurred in which the omer, the measure of barley brought as a communal offering on the sixteenth of Nisan, came from Gaggot Tzerifim, and the two loaves offered on Shavuot came from the valley of Ein Sokher.

איני? והאמר רבי: בארץ ישראל לשון סורסי למה? אלא אי לשון הקודש, אי לשון יוונית. ואמר רב יוסף: בבבל לשון ארמי למה? אלא או לשון הקודש,

It is understood from both the mishna and the baraita that it is prohibited to learn Greek. The Gemara raises a question: Is that so? But didn’t Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi say: In Eretz Yisrael, why should people speak the tongue of Syriac [Sursi], the Aramaic commonly spoken in Eretz Yisrael? Rather, they should speak either in the sacred tongue, Hebrew, or in the beautiful tongue of Greek. And Rav Yosef similarly said: In Babylonia, why should they speak in the vernacular tongue of Aramaic? Rather, they should speak either in the sacred tongue, Hebrew, or in the tongue of Persian, used by the authorities.

או לשון פרסי!

לשון יוונית לחוד, וחכמת יוונית לחוד.

The Gemara answers that there is a difference: The Greek tongue is discrete and Greek wisdom is discrete, and the Sages prohibited the latter but not the former.

וחכמת יוונית מי אסירא? והאמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל משום רבן שמעון בן גמליאל: מאי דכתיב ״עיני עוללה לנפשי מכל בנות עירי״ — אלף ילדים היו בבית אבא,

The Gemara poses a question: And is Greek wisdom prohibited? But didn’t Rav Yehuda say that Shmuel said in the name of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel: What is the meaning of that which is written: “My eye affected my soul, due to all the daughters of my city” (Lamentations 3:51)? There were a thousand children in my father’s house, the princes’ household. Five hundred of them learned Torah, and the other five hundred learned Greek wisdom, and there only remained of them, after the bar Kokheva revolt, me, here in Eretz Yisrael, and the son of my father’s brother, who lives in Asia Minor [Asya]. The fact that Rabban Gamliel allowed half of his household to study Greek wisdom indicates that it is permitted.

חמש מאות למדו תורה, וחמש מאות למדו חכמת יוונית, ולא נשתייר מהן אלא אני כאן, ובן אחי אבא בעסיא!

שאני של בית רבן גמליאל, דקרובין למלכות הוו. דתניא: מספר קומי הרי זה מדרכי האמורי. אבטולוס בן ראובן התירו [לו] לספר קומי, שהוא קרוב למלכות.

The Gemara answers: The members of the house of Rabban Gamliel are different, as they were close to the monarchy, and therefore had to learn Greek wisdom in order to converse with people of authority. As it is taught in a baraita (Tosefta, Shabbat 7:1): One who cuts his hair in the komi style, which was the gentile fashion of cutting and wearing the hair, is considered to be acting in the ways of the Amorites, and it is prohibited to act in their way. However, they permitted Avtolos ben Reuven to cut his hair in the komi style, as he is close to the monarchy, and similarly they permitted the house of Rabban Gamliel to study Greek wisdom, because they are close to the monarchy.

של בית רבן גמליאל התירו להן חכמת יוונית, מפני שקרובין למלכות.

בפולמוס האחרון גזרו שלא תצא כלה באפריון וכו׳. מאי טעמא — משום צניעותא.

§ The mishna taught: In the last war the Sages decreed that a bride may not go out in a palanquin inside the city, but the later Sages permitted it. The Gemara explains: What is the reason they permitted this practice? Due to modesty, so that brides should not have to go out into the street and be seen by all.

משמת רבן יוחנן בטלה החכמה. תנו רבנן: משמת רבי אליעזר נגנז ספר תורה. משמת רבי יהושע בטלה עצה ומחשבה, משמת רבי עקיבא בטלו זרועי תורה ונסתתמו מעיינות החכמה.

The mishna taught that from the time when Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai died, wisdom ceased. The Sages taught: From the time when Rabbi Eliezer died, it was as if the Torah scroll had been interred, as he had memorized many secrets of the Torah. From the time when Rabbi Yehoshua died, council and deliberate thought ceased, as he had the sharpest mind in Israel. From the time when Rabbi Akiva died, the powerful arm of Torah, meaning the exposition of all the details of Torah scripture, ceased, and the fountains of wisdom were sealed.

משמת רבי אלעזר בן עזריה בטלו עטרות חכמה, ש״עטרת חכמים עשרם״. משמת רבי חנינא בן דוסא בטלו אנשי מעשה. משמת אבא יוסי בן קטונתא בטלו חסידים,

From the time when Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya died, the crowns of wisdom ceased, as “the crown of the wise is their riches” (Proverbs 14:24), and he was both a great Torah scholar and a very wealthy man. From the time when Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa died, the men of wondrous deeds ceased. From the time when Abba Yosei ben Katonta died, the pious men ceased. And why was he called Abba Yosei ben Katonta? Because he was among the diminished [miktanei] of the pious people, i.e., he lived in an era when the pious had become few.

ולמה נקרא שמו אבא יוסי בן קטונתא — שהיה מקטני חסידים.

משמת בן עזאי בטלו השקדנין, משמת בן זומא בטלו הדרשנין, משמת רבן שמעון בן גמליאל עלה גובאי ורבו צרות. משמת רבי הוכפלו צרות.

From the time when ben Azzai died, the diligent ceased; from the time when ben Zoma died, the exegetists ceased. From the time when Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel died, locusts ascended upon the land and troubles proliferated. From the time when Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi died, the troubles multiplied.

משמת רבי בטלה ענוה ויראת חטא. אמר ליה רב יוסף לתנא: לא תיתני ענוה, דאיכא אנא. אמר ליה רב נחמן לתנא: לא תיתני יראת חטא, דאיכא אנא.

The final line of the mishna states that from the time when Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi died, humility and fear of sin ceased. Rav Yosef said to the tanna who reviewed the mishna: Do not teach that humility ceased, for there is still one who is humble, namely me. Rav Naḥman similarly said to the tanna who reviewed the mishna: Do not teach that fear of sin ceased, for there is still one who fears sin, namely me.

הדרן עלך עגלה ערופה וסליקא לה מסכת סוטה